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After reaching a political consensus in December, EU lawmakers approved a landmark document regulating AI and requiring transparency from suppliers by a majority of 523 votes, The Verge reports.
“Europe is simply now setting global standards in the field of artificial intelligence,” Thierry Breton, the European Commissioner for the Internal Market, wrote on X.
European Parliament President Roberta Metsola hailed the legislation as ground-breaking, saying it would promote innovation while protecting fundamental rights.
“Artificial intelligence has already entered our daily lives to a large extent. Now it will also be part of our legislation,” she wrote on the social network.
What does the Law offer?
EU Artificial Intelligence Law divides technologies into risk categories, ranging from generally “unacceptable” (which would be banned), to high, medium and low risk technologies.
An example of “unacceptable” technologies are artificial intelligence-based remote biometric identification systems for facial scanning by local authorities. “High-risk” programs include critical infrastructure, product safety components, essential private and government services, law enforcement technology that may violate people's rights, and the like. “Limited risk” apps will be required to be more transparent (examples include user interaction with chatbots and the ability to learn more about the interaction process, as well as guarantees that AI-generated content is identifiable).
The law provides space for the “free use” of artificial intelligence at “low risk,” which includes applications such as AI-enabled video games or spam filters. The “vast majority” of AI systems used in the bloc currently fall into this category, according to the EU.
At the same time, the EU's Artificial Intelligence Act still does not clarify how companies should treat copyrighted material that goes into a model's training data.
What penalties are provided?
Fines will range from €7.5 million or 1.5% of a company's total global turnover (whichever is greater) for providing incorrect information to regulators; up to €15 million or 3% of global turnover for breach of certain legal provisions such as transparency obligations; up to €35 million, or 7% of turnover, for the deployment or development of prohibited AI tools.
When will it take effect?
The law still needs to undergo final review and approval from the European Council. It will come into force 20 days after publication in the official journal and will be fully applied after 24 months, with certain exceptions:
restrictions on prohibited practices will apply 6 months after the effective date; general purpose artificial intelligence rules (12 months after entry into force); obligations for high risk systems (36 months).
What about other countries?
China has already introduced a number of laws on artificial intelligence. But in the United States they have not been able to begin regulating artificial intelligence, despite the fact that the country is home to such large market players as Meta, Amazon, Adobe, Google, Nvidia and OpenAI. The Biden administration has only issued an executive order that forces government agencies to develop security standards and rely on voluntary, non-binding agreements signed by major AI players. Several bills filed in the Senate focused primarily on deepfakes and watermarking.
Last August, Mikhail Fedorov reported that the Ministry of Digital Development had begun work on regulatory rules for the use of AI in Ukraine.
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